The original and revised versions for the libretto came from frequent Verdi collaborators Francesco Maria Piave and Arrigo Boito, respectively. The revision was completed more than two decades after the initial premiere in 1857, which Verdi felt had been “too sad, too desolate.” He made several large adjustments through the score, including adding more contrast and variety in the first act. While Verdi’s signature rousing melodies can be found in this opera, much of its beauty lies in the sophisticated orchestral role and smaller moments that deepen characterizations, particularly for the doge.